JEMBATAN KEMATIAN: ANALISIS FAKTOR SOSIAL BUDAYA DALAM FENOMENA BUNUH DIRI DAN PERCOBAAN BUNUH DIRI DI JEMBATAN BAHTERAMAS KENDARI
Abstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis fenomena bunuh diri di Jembatan Bahteramas Kendari, yang telah mencatat empat kasus bunuh diri dan tiga percobaan bunuh diri sejak dibuka pada Oktober 2020, dengan mayoritas korban adalah laki-laki. Dengan pendekatan etnografi kritis dan wawancara mendalam bersama keluarga korban, tokoh masyarakat, dan warga sekitar, penelitian ini mengungkap tiga faktor sosial-budaya utama: (1) kesenjangan antara kesadaran kultural dan kemampuan ekonomi yang menciptakan kondisi anomie; (2) individualisasi struktur sosial yang melemahkan ikatan tradisional; dan (3) disfungsi institusi keagamaan dalam memberikan bimbingan spiritual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bunuh diri di kalangan laki-laki merupakan manifestasi dari krisis maskulinitas dalam konteks budaya Tolaki dan masyarakat urban saat ini. Konstruksi maskulinitas tradisional yang menempatkan laki-laki sebagai "raja tanpa mahkota" dengan konsep kohanu, ditambah dengan tekanan gender kontemporer yang menciptakan ketidaksetaraan ekonomi dalam keluarga, serta keterbatasan mekanisme coping maskulin yang tercermin dalam norma "laki-laki tidak bercerita," secara kumulatif menciptakan tekanan psikososial yang ekstrem. Analisis simbolis mengungkapkan transformasi Jembatan Bahteramas dari simbol kemajuan menjadi "tempat bunuh diri" melalui proses konstruksi sosial dan ritualisasi pola perilaku. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya strategi pencegahan yang peka terhadap konteks budaya yang spesifik, termasuk rekonstruksi maskulinitas yang lebih sehat dan penguatan mekanisme dukungan sosial yang berbasis pada nilai-nilai budaya lokal.
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