ESTIMASI POPULASI ORANGUTAN DI AREAL REKLAMASI PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA DI KUTAI TIMUR, KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Keywords:
Reclamation area, Pongo pygmaeus morio, borneo, kalimantan
Abstract
Orangutans (Pongo spp.) are currently found only on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) face a high risk of extinction due to almost 80% of the distribution of orangutans in Kalimantan occurs outside of conservation areas. Orangutans are also found in the Coal Mining Rehabilitation Area called ARPB in Sangatta, East Kutai, East Kalimantan. The objective of this research was to estimate the orangutan population living in ARPB in Sangatta. Data collection used direct observation to orangutan found in ARPB. This study has found 41 orangutans in ten ARPBs covering an area of 912.29 ha, from November 2013 to January 2015. The orangutans found consists of 17.07% of adult males, 39.02% of adult females, 12.20% of juveniles, 9.76% of children, and 21.95% of infants. This was an indication of the success of orangutans’ adaptation in the coal mining area, especially in ARPB. The fact about population and demographic structure of orangutans in ARPB leads to indications of the success of orangutans in adapted in ARPB.
References
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[RI] Republik Indonesia. 2015. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 104 Tahun 2015 tentang Tata Cara Perubahan Peruntukan dan Fungsi Kawasan Hutan. Kemensekneg RI. Jakarta (ID).
[RI] Republik Indonesia. 1999. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengawetan Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa. Kemensekneg RI. Jakarta (ID).
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Wich, S.A., Gaveau, D., Abram, N., Ancrenaz, M., Baccini, A., Brend, S., Curran, L., Delgado, R.A., Erman, A., Fredriksson, G.M., et al. 2012. Understanding the impacts of land-use policies on a threatened species: is there a future for the Bornean Orang-utan?. PLoS ONE 7(11): e49142.
Wich, S.A., Meijaard, E., Marshall, A.J., Husson, S., Ancrenaz, M., Lacy, R.C., van Schaik, C.P., Sugardjito, J., Simorangkir, T., Traylor-Holzer, K. et al.. 2008. Distribution and conservation status of the orang-utan (Pongo spp.) on Kalimantan and Sumatra: How many remain?. Oryx 42(3):329-339.
Wich, S.A., Streubig, M., Refisch, J., Wilting, A., Kramer-Schadt, S., & Meijaard, E. 2015. Summary Report: The Future of The Bornean Orang-utan, Impacts of Change in Land-Cover and Climate. http://www.unep.org/pdf/Borneo-Report-Executive-Summary.pdf. Diakses pada 1 januari 2016.
Zhang, Y-w., Ryder, O.A., & Zhang, Y-p. 2001. Genetic divergence of orangutan subspecies (Pongo pygmaeus). Journal of Molecular Evolution 52(6): 516–526.
Alikodra, H.S. 2010. Teknik Pengelolaan Satwa Liar Dalam Rangka Mempertahankan Keanekaragaman Hayati Indonesia. IPB Pr. Bogor (ID). 368 pp.
Ancrenaz, M., Oram, F., Ambu, L., Lackman, I., Ahmad, E., Elahan, H., Kler, H., Abram, N.K., & Meijaard, E. 2014. Of Pongo, palms and perceptions: a multidisciplinary assessment of Bornean orang-utans Pongo pygmaeus in an oil palm context. Oryx 42:1-8.
Asensio, N., Schaffner, C.M., & Aureli, F. 2012. Variability in core areas of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) in a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. Primates 53(2): 147-156.
[Bappeda Kutim] Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Kutai Timur. 2015. Profil Daerah Kabupaten Kutai Timur 2015. Bappeda Kutai Timur. Kutai Timur (ID).
[BPPMD Kaltim] Badan Perijinan dan Penanaman Modal Daerah Kalimantan Timur. 2012. Penyusunan Kajian Investasi di Lahan Eks Tambang. BPPMD Kaltim. Samarinda (ID).
[BPS Kutim] Badan Pusat Statistik Kutai Timur. 2016. Statistik Daerah Kecamatan Sangatta Utara 2016. BPS Kutai Timur. Kutai Timur (ID).
Campbell, C.O., Cheyne, S.M., & Rawson, B.M. 2015. Best Practice Guidelines for the Rehabilitation and Translocation of Gibbons. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. Gland (CH). 56 pp.
Campbell-Smith, G., Campbell-Smith, M., Singleton, I., & Linkie, M. 2011. Raiders of the lost bark: Orangutan foraging strategies in a degraded landscape. PloS ONE 6(6): e20962.
Delgado, R.A. Jr. & van Schaik, C.P. 2000. The behavioral ecology and conservation of the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus): A Tale of Two Islands. Evolutionary Anthropology 9(5): 201-218.
Dennis, R., Grant, A., Hadiprakarsa, Y., Hartman, P., Kitchener, D., Lamrock, T., MacDonald, F., Meijaard, E., & Prasetyo, D. 2011. Prinsip Pengelolaan Konservasi Orangutan di Konsesi Pertambangan. Forina & USAID. Bogor (ID). 51 pp.
Groves, C.P. 2001. Primate Taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Pr. Washington (USA). 350 pp.
Gunawan, H. & Prasetyo, L.B. 2003. Fragmentasi Hutan: Teori yang Mendasari Penataan Ruang Menuju Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. Balitbang Kehutanan, Kemenhut. Jakarta (ID). 129 pp.
Hardus, M.E., Lameira, A.R., Menken-Steph, B.J., & Wich, S.A. 2012. Effects of logging on orangutan behavior. Biological Conservation 146(1): 177-187.
Hockings, K., Humle, T. 2010. Panduan Pencegahan dan Mitigasi Konflik antara Manusia dan Kera Besar. Switzerland: IUCN, Species Survival Commission.
Husson, S.J., Wich, S.A., Marshall, A.J., Dennis, R.D., Ancrenaz, M., Brassey, R., Gumal, M., Hearn, A.J., Meijaard, E., Simorangkir, T., & Singleton, I. 2009. Orangutan distribution, density, abundance and impacts of distrurbance. Di dalam: Wich, S.A., Utami-Atmoko, S.S., Mitra Setia, T., van Schaik, C.P. (eds.). Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation. Oxford Univ Pr. New York (US). 402 pp.
Indrawan, M., Primack, R.B., & Supriatna, J. 2007. Biologi Konservasi (edisi revisi). Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Jakarta (ID). 625 pp.
[Kemenhut] Kementerian Kehutanan. 2010. Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan Nomor P.32/Menhut-II/2010 Tentang Tukar Menukar Kawasan Hutan. Kemenhut RI. Jakarta (ID).
[Kemenhut] Kementerian Kehutanan.1991. Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan Nomor 301/Kpts-II/1991 tentang Inventarisasi Kepemilikan Satwa Liar yang Dilindungi. Kemenhut RI. Jakarta (ID).
[KLHK] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. 2019. Strategi dan Rencana Aksi Konservasi Orangutan Indonesia 2019-2029. FORINA. Bogor (ID). 57 pp.
KLHK Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. 2018. Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.20/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/6/2018 tentang Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa yang Dilindungi. KLHK RI. Jakarta (ID).
[KPC] PT Kaltim Prima Coal. 2011. Innovate Improve Sustain: Sustainability Report PT Kaltim Prima Coal. KPC. Kutai Timur (ID). 180 pp.
[KPC] PT Kaltim Prima Coal. 2013. Burning On: 2013 Sustainability Report. PT KPC. Sangatta, Kutai Timur (ID). 171 pp.
[KPC] PT Kaltim Prima Coal. 2017. Sustainability Report: KPC Untuk Indonesia. PT KPC. Sangatta, Kutai Timur (ID). 194 pp.
Kuze, N., Malim, T.P., & Kohshima, S. 2005. Developmental Changes in the Facial Morphology of the Kalimantan Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus): Possible Signals in Visual Communication. International Journal of Primatology 65(4): 353-376.
Lynch, M. & Gabriel, W. 1987. Environmental Tolerance. The American Naturalist 129(2): 283-303.
Meijaard, E., Rijksen, H.D., & Kartikasari, S.N. 2001. Di Ambang Kepunahan, Kondisi Orangutan Liar di Awal Abad 21. The Gibbon Foundation. Jakarta (ID). 393 pp.
Morrison, T.B., Weis, J.J., Wittwer, C.T. 1998. Quantification of low-copy transcripts by continuous SYBR Green I monitoring during amplification. Biotechniques 24(6): 954-958.
Nater, A., Mattle-Greminger, M.P., Nurcahyo, A., Nowak, M.G., de Manuel, M., Desai, T., Groves, C., Pybus, M., Sonay, T.B., & Roos, C. 2017. Morphometric, behavioral and genomic evidence fo a new orangutan species. Current Biology 27(22): 3576-3577.
Niningsih, L., Alikodra, H.S., Utami-Atmoko, S.S., & Mulyani, A. 2017. Characteristic of Orangutan Habitat in Coal Mining Rehabilition Area in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 23(1): 37-49.
Niningsih L. 2017. Adaptasi Perilaku Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) di Kawasan Pertambangan Batubara di Kalimantan Timur [disertasi]. Bogor (ID): IPB.
Niningsih, L., Alikodra, H.S., Utami-Atmoko, S.S., & Mulyani, A. 2016. Habitat Characteristic of Pongo pygmaeus morio in Prevab Area, Kutai National Park, Borneo, Indonesia. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research 30(3): 8-20.
Rayadin, Y. & Spehar, N.S. 2015. Brief communication: body mass of wild bornean orangutans living in human-dominated landscapes: implications for understanding their ecology and conservation. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 157(2): 339-346.
[RI] Republik Indonesia. 2015. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 104 Tahun 2015 tentang Tata Cara Perubahan Peruntukan dan Fungsi Kawasan Hutan. Kemensekneg RI. Jakarta (ID).
[RI] Republik Indonesia. 1999. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengawetan Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa. Kemensekneg RI. Jakarta (ID).
Sih, A., Ferrari, M.C.O., & Harris, D.J. 2011. Evolution and behavioural responses to human-induced rapid environmental change. Evolutionary Applications 4(2): 367-387.
Sihombing, B.H. 2012. Potensi Kawasan Lindung di Areal Konsesi PT Kaltim Prima Coal dan Sekitarnya Sangatta Kalimantan Timur [Disertasi]. Universitas Mulawarman. Samarinda (ID).
Singleton, I., Wich, S.A., Husson, S., Stephens, S., Utami-Atmoko, S.S., Leighton, M., Rosen, N., Traylor-Holzer, K., Lacy, R., & Byers, O. (eds.) 2004. Population and Habitat Viability Assessment Orangutan: Final Report. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, MN. Jakarta (ID). 235 pp.
Soehartono, T., Susilo, H.D., Andayani, N., Utami-Atmoko, S.S., Sihite, J., Saleh, C., & Sutrisno, A. 2009. Strategi dan Rencana Aksi Konservasi Orangutan Indonesia 2007-2017. Dephut RI, Dirjend PHKA. Jakarta (ID). 38 pp.
Utami-Atmoko, S., Traylor-Holzer, K., Rifqi, M.A., Siregar, P.G., Achmad, B., Priadjati, A., Husson, S., Wich, S., Hadisiswoyo, P., Saputra, F., et al. (eds.). 2019. Orangutan Population and Habitat Viability Assessment: Final Report. Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia, Jakarta and IUCN/SSC Conservation Planning Specialist Group, Apple Valley, MN. 127 pp.
Warren, K.S., Verschoor, E.J., Langenhuijzen, S., Heriyanto, Swan, R.A., Vigilant, L., & Heeney, J.L. 2001. Speciation and intrasubspecific variation of Bornean Orangutans, Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18(4):472-480.
Wich, S.A., Gaveau, D., Abram, N., Ancrenaz, M., Baccini, A., Brend, S., Curran, L., Delgado, R.A., Erman, A., Fredriksson, G.M., et al.. 2012. Understanding the impacts of land-use policies on a threatened species: is there a future for the Bornean Orang-utan?. PLoS ONE 7(11). e49142.
Wich, S.A., Gaveau, D., Abram, N., Ancrenaz, M., Baccini, A., Brend, S., Curran, L., Delgado, R.A., Erman, A., Fredriksson, G.M., et al. 2012. Understanding the impacts of land-use policies on a threatened species: is there a future for the Bornean Orang-utan?. PLoS ONE 7(11): e49142.
Wich, S.A., Meijaard, E., Marshall, A.J., Husson, S., Ancrenaz, M., Lacy, R.C., van Schaik, C.P., Sugardjito, J., Simorangkir, T., Traylor-Holzer, K. et al.. 2008. Distribution and conservation status of the orang-utan (Pongo spp.) on Kalimantan and Sumatra: How many remain?. Oryx 42(3):329-339.
Wich, S.A., Streubig, M., Refisch, J., Wilting, A., Kramer-Schadt, S., & Meijaard, E. 2015. Summary Report: The Future of The Bornean Orang-utan, Impacts of Change in Land-Cover and Climate. http://www.unep.org/pdf/Borneo-Report-Executive-Summary.pdf. Diakses pada 1 januari 2016.
Zhang, Y-w., Ryder, O.A., & Zhang, Y-p. 2001. Genetic divergence of orangutan subspecies (Pongo pygmaeus). Journal of Molecular Evolution 52(6): 516–526.
Published
2023-04-04
How to Cite
Liza Niningsih. (2023). ESTIMASI POPULASI ORANGUTAN DI AREAL REKLAMASI PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA DI KUTAI TIMUR, KALIMANTAN TIMUR. Jurnal Saintifik (Multi Science Journal), 20(3), 243 -. https://doi.org/10.58222/js.v20i3.133
Section
Articles
