THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION

  • Oyeronke Christiana PARAMOLE Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Educational Leadership, Data-Driven Decision-Making, Ethical Considerations, Student Engagement

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational leadership presents both opportunities and challenges, prompting the need for a comprehensive understanding of its implications. This research explores how AI technologies can enhance decision-making, improve student outcomes and address ethical considerations within educational settings. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research examines specific instances of AI implementation in various educational institutions including Georgia State University and San Diego Unified School District. Data collection involved document analysis and observations of AI tools in action. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify patterns and insights related to the effectiveness of AI in educational leadership. The findings reveal that AI tools significantly enhance data-driven decision-making, leading to improved student engagement and retention rates. Notably, the research highlights the importance of ethical considerations, such as data privacy and equity in access to AI technologies. The study concludes that while AI holds transformative potential for educational leadership, it necessitates a shift in leadership practices and frameworks to accommodate its complexities. Educational leaders must prioritize professional development, stakeholder engagement, and the establishment of ethical guidelines to ensure responsible AI integration. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the practical applications of AI in education, emphasizing the need for ongoing dialogue and adaptation as technology continues to evolve

References

Abulibdeh, A., Zaidan, E., & Abulibdeh, R. (2024). Navigating the confluence of artificial intelligence and education for sustainable development in the era of industry 4.0: Challenges, opportunities, and ethical dimensions. Journal of Cleaner Production. Acosta, A. (2020). How You Say It Matters: Communicating Predictive Analytics Findings to Students. New America.

Adeoye, M. A., Baharun, H., & Munawwaroh, I. (2025). Transformational Leadership in Education: Harmonising Accountability, Innovation and Global Citizenship. Kharisma: Jurnal Administrasi dan Manajemen Pendidikan, 4(1), 14-30.

Aithal, P. S., Prabhu, S., & Aithal, S. (2024). Future of higher education through technology prediction and forecasting. Poornaprajna International Journal of Management, Education, and Social Science (PIJMESS), 1(1), 1-50.

Alam, A., & Mohanty, A. (2023). Educational technology: Exploring the convergence of technology and pedagogy through mobility, interactivity, AI, and learning tools. Cogent Engineering, 10(2).

Almalawi, A., Soh, B., Li, A., & Samra, H. (2024). Predictive Models for Educational Purposes: A Systematic Review. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 8(12), 187.

Al-Shuwaikhat, H. I. (2024). Harnessing Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Smarter Decisions: Shaping the Future of Contemporary Management for Modern Business. SBS Swiss Business School.

Annuš, N. (2024). Educational software and artificial intelligence: students' experiences and innovative solutions. Information Technologies and Learning Tools, 101(3), 200.

Aslan, M., & Uygun, N. (2019). Evaluation of Preschool Curriculum by Stufflebeam's Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) Evaluation Model. Education & Science/Egitim ve Bilim, 44(20).

Bin Salem, I. (2024). Integrating artificial intelligence in personalized learning: A future-oriented approach to enhance student engagement and achievement. International Journal of Post Axial: Futuristic Teaching and Learning, 111-119.

Boudreaux, M. J. A. (2024). Transformational Leadership in AI-Driven Industry 4.0: Cultivating Adaptive, Ethical, and Resilient Leaders (Doctoral dissertation, South College).

Chambers, M. R. (2019). The Implementation of a Multi-Tiered System of Support in Downtown Unified School District: An Analysis of Site Administrator Needs. University of Southern California.

Chreim, S. (2015). The (non) distribution of leadership roles: Considering leadership practices and configurations. Human Relations, 68(4), 517-543.

Collinson, D., & Tourish, D. (2015). Teaching leadership critically: New directions for leadership pedagogy. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 14(4), 576-594.

Constantinides, M. (2021). Understanding the complexity of system-level leadership in the English schooling landscape. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(6), 688-701.

Cross, K. J., Mamaril, N., Johnson-Glauch, N., & Herman, G. (2021). Building cultures of collaboration that promote instructional change. Studies in Engineering Education, 2(2).

Curran, F. C., Carlo, S., & Harris-Walls, K. (2024). Making the data visible: A systematic review of systems-level data dashboards for leadership and policy in education. Review of Educational Research.

Davies, J. S. (2011). Challenging governance theory: From networks to hegemony. Policy Press.

Day, C., Gu, Q., & Sammons, P. (2016). The impact of leadership on student outcomes: How successful school leaders use transformational and instructional strategies to make a difference. Educational Administration Quarterly, 52(2), 221-258.

DeMatthews, D. E. (2018). Community-engaged leadership for social justice: A critical approach in urban schools. Routledge.

Dugan, J. P. (2024). Leadership theory: Cultivating critical perspectives. John Wiley & Sons.

Dutta, S., Ranjan, S., Mishra, S., Sharma, V., Hewage, P., & Iwendi, C. (2024, February). Enhancing educational adaptability: A review and analysis of AI-driven adaptive learning platforms. In 2024 4th International Conference on Innovative Practices in Technology and Management (ICIPTM) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

Duz, B. (2023). Data-Based Decision-Making (DBDM) in Education (Doctoral dissertation, Northeastern University).

Feng, K., & Papadopoulos, S. (2018). Student (K-12) data protection in the digital age: a comparative study. Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, 51(2), 261-287.

Fiaz, M., Su, Q., & Saqib, A. (2017). Leadership styles and employees' motivation: Perspective from an emerging economy. The journal of developing areas, 51(4), 143-156.

Fu, Y., & Weng, Z. (2024). Navigating the ethical terrain of AI in education: A systematic review on framing responsible human-centred AI practices. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 100306.

Fuad, K. M. (2022). Organizational Intelligence in Digital Innovation: Evidence from Georgia State University.

Gade, K. R. (2021). Data-Driven Decision Making in a Complex World. Journal of Computational Innovation, 1(1).

Gathoni, P. (2021). The impact of adopting spiritual and knowledge leadership on informed fact-based decision-making for leaders in data science organizations: a systematic review (Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland University College).

Groenewald, E., Kilag, O. K., Cabuenas, M. C., Camangyan, J., Abapo, J. M., & Abendan, C. F. (2023). The influence of principals' instructional leadership on the professional performance of teachers. Excellencia: International Multi-disciplinary Journal of Education (2994-9521), 1(6), 433-443.

Habbal, A., Ali, M. K., & Abuzaraida, M. A. (2024). Artificial Intelligence Trust, risk and security management (AI trism): Frameworks, applications, challenges and future research directions. Expert Systems with Applications, 240, 122442.

Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., & Suman, R. (2022). Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review. Sustainable operations and computers, 3, 275-285.

Harris, A. (2011). Distributed leadership: Implications for the role of the principal. Journal of Management Development, 31(1), 7-17.

Hora, M. T., Bouwma-Gearhart, J., & Park, H. J. (2017). Data driven decision-making in the era of accountability: Fostering faculty data cultures for learning. The Review of Higher Education, 40(3), 391-426.

Hudson, K. G., Lawton, R., & Hugh-Jones, S. (2020). Factors affecting the implementation of a whole school mindfulness program: a qualitative study using the consolidated framework for implementation research. BMC Health Services Research, 20, 1-13.

Igbokwe, I. C. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Educational Leadership: Risks and Responsibilities. European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(6), 3-10.

Johannis, A. A., & Hung, D. W. L. (2023). Gradual Shifts in Policy and Practice Towards Student-Centric Learning. In Moving Beyond Grades to Purposeful Learning: Lessons from Singaporean Research (pp. 19-37). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

Karataş, F., & Ataç, B. A. (2024). When TPACK meets artificial intelligence: Analyzing TPACK and AI-TPACK components through structural equation modelling. Education and Information Technologies, 1-26.

Karimi, H., & Khawaja, S. (2024). Perspective Chapter: Navigating the Changing. Innovation and Evolution in Higher Education, 37.

Kayal, A. (2024). Transformative Pedagogy: A Comprehensive Framework for AI Integration in Education. In Explainable AI for Education: Recent Trends and Challenges (pp. 247-270). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.

Khine, M. S. (2024). AI in Teaching and Learning and Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Machine-Generated Literature Overview (pp. 467-570). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

Khreisat, M. N., Khilani, D., Rusho, M. A., Karkkulainen, E. A., Tabuena, A. C., & Uberas, A. D. (2024). Ethical Implications of AI Integration in Educational Decision Making: Systematic Review. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5), 8521-8527.

Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., Kereluik, K., Shin, T. S., & Graham, C. R. (2014). The technological pedagogical content knowledge framework. Handbook of research on educational communications and technology, 101-111.

Kong, S. C., & Yang, Y. (2024). A Human-Centred Learning and Teaching Framework Using Generative Artificial Intelligence for Self-Regulated Learning Development through Domain Knowledge Learning in K–12 Settings. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies.

Koutsioumpa, E. (2023). Personality Traits and Leadership Effectiveness. A Mini Review. Technium Education and Humanities, 6, 1-11.

Küçüksüleymanoğlu, R. (2025). Principles of Equality: Social Justice and Equal Opportunities. In Creating Positive and Inclusive Change in Educational Environments (pp. 23-52). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.

Kulasegaram, K., & Rangachari, P. K. (2018). Beyond “formative”: assessments to enrich student learning. Advances in physiology education, 42(1), 5-14.

Kumar, A., & Nagar, D. K. (2024). AI-Based Language Translation and Interpretation Services: Improving Accessibility for Visually Impaired Students. As the editors of Transforming Learning: The Power of Educational, 178.

Labib, L. N., & ElSabry, E. A. (2025). Integrating AI into Higher Education: A Comprehensive Exploration. In Interdisciplinary Studies on Digital Transformation and Innovation: Business, Education, and Medical Approaches (pp. 1-30). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.

Lam, T. N. (2024). Enhancing the quality of competency assessment for elementary school students in modern education. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 11(3), 93-101.

Liu, Y., & Watson, S. (2023). Whose leadership role is more substantial for teacher professional collaboration, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: a lens of distributed leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 26(6), 1082-1110.

Love, D. A. S. (2016). The Role of Knowledge in ICT Integration in a Johannesburg Private School (Doctoral dissertation, School of Education, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg).

Lumby, J. (2013). Distributed leadership: The uses and abuses of power. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 41(5), 581-597.

Macfadyen, L. P., Dawson, S., Pardo, A., & Gašević, D. (2014). Embracing big data in complex educational systems: The learning analytics imperative and the policy challenge. Research & Practice in Assessment, 9, 17-28.

Mah, D. K. (2016). Learning analytics and digital badges: Potential impact on student retention in higher education. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 21, 285-305.

Martins, M. R. (2023). Adapting change management strategies for the AI Era: Lessons from large-scale IT integrations. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 19(3), 1604-1629.

Marzano, R. J. (2010). Formative versus summative assessments as measures of student learning. In Handbook of data-based decision making in education (pp. 259-271). Routledge.

Maulida, L., Nurossobah, P., Aura, B. A., Nengsih, E. D., & Rasilah, R. (2024). Improving The Effectiveness of Mathematics Learning Through Artificial Intelligence: Literature Review. Journal of General Education and Humanities, 3(4), 323-338.

Mifsud, D. (2017). Distribution dilemmas: Exploring the presence of a tension between democracy and autocracy within a distributed leadership scenario. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(6), 978-1001.

Moral, C., Higueras-Rodríguez, L., Martín-Romera, A., Valdivia, E. M., & Morales-Ocaña, A. (2020). Effective practices in leadership for social justice. Evolution of successful secondary school principalship in disadvantaged contexts. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 23(2), 107-130.

Mouawad, G. P. (2020). Students’ Privacy in a Digital Age (Doctoral dissertation, University of La Verne).

Moynihan, D. P., Pandey, S. K., & Wright, B. E. (2012). Setting the table: How transformational leadership fosters performance information use. Journal of public administration research and theory, 22(1), 143-164.

Mpofu, S., & Chasokela, D. (2025). Data-Informed Decision-Making: Using Analytics to Drive Strategic Management in Higher Education. In Building Organizational Capacity and Strategic Management in Academia (pp. 103-138). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.

Mudunuri, L. N. R., Hullurappa, M., Vemula, V. R., & Selvakumar, P. (2025). AI-powered leadership: Shaping the future of management. In Navigating Organizational Behavior in the Digital Age With AI (pp. 127-152). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.

Murphy, J. R. (2018). Understanding and Assessing the Impact of Data Visualization on Stakeholder Access to Data, Sense-making and Decision Making in the Context of the Local Control Funding Formula (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley).

Nadeem, M. (2024). Distributed leadership in educational contexts: A catalyst for school improvement. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 9, 100835.

Newton, X. A., Poon, R. C., Nunes, N. L., & Stone, E. M. (2013). Research on teacher education programs: Logic model approach. Evaluation and program planning, 36(1), 88-96.

Nguyen, A., Ngo, H. N., Hong, Y., Dang, B., & Nguyen, B. P. T. (2023). Ethical principles for artificial intelligence in education. Education and Information Technologies, 28(4), 4221-4241.

Ni, Y., Yan, R., & Pounder, D. (2018). Collective leadership: Principals’ decision influence and the supportive or inhibiting decision influence of other stakeholders. Educational Administration Quarterly, 54(2), 216-248.

Nimy, E., Mosia, M., & Chibaya, C. (2023). Identifying At-Risk Students for Early Intervention—A Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach. Applied Sciences, 13(6), 3869.

Ning, Y., Zhang, C., Xu, B., Zhou, Y., & Wijaya, T. T. (2024). Teachers’ AI-TPACK: Exploring the relationship between knowledge elements. Sustainability, 16(3), 978.

Nkechi, A. A., Ojo, A. O., & Eneh, O. A. (2024). Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Achieving Quality Education. Intech-Open.

Nsiah, J., & Walker, K. (2013). Servant Leadership in the Context of the Principalship. In The Servant (pp. 17-28). Brill.

O’Brien, S., McNamara, G., O’Hara, J., Brown, M., & Skerritt, C. (2024). Teacher leadership in school self-evaluation: an approach to professional development. Irish Educational Studies, 43(4), 703-718.

Oc, B. (2018). Contextual leadership: A systematic review of how contextual factors shape leadership and its outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(1), 218-235.

Ohanians, D. (2024). Enhancing the Student Journey: A Qualitative Exploration of Conversational Agents in Higher Education Marketing (Doctoral dissertation, University of Worcester).

Okokoyo, I. E., Nwaham, C. O., & Nwachukwu, O. G. (2024). Leveraging artificial intelligence for enhanced administrators decision making in educational institutions: A comprehensive exploration of applications, challenges, and opportunities. NIU Journal of Educational Research, 10(1), 63-72.

Owan, V. J., Abang, K. B., Idika, D. O., Etta, E. O., & Bassey, B. A. (2023). Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence tools in educational measurement and assessment. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(8).

Özen, H., & Yavuz, P. (2024). A Theoretical Analysis for Resilience: Developing a Complex Adaptive Leadership Model in Schools. Anadolu Eğitim Liderliği ve Öğretim Dergisi, 12(1), 49-72.

Page, L. C., Meyer, K. E., Lee, J., & Gehlbach, H. (2024). Conditions under which college students can be responsive to text-based nudging (No. w33257). National Bureau of Economic Research.

Papadopoulos, D., & Hossain, M. M. (2023). Education in the age of analytics: maximizing student success through big data-driven personalized learning. Emerging Trends in Machine Intelligence and Big Data, 15(9), 20-36.

Peterlin, J., Pearse, N., & Dimovski, V. (2015). Strategic decision making for organizational sustainability: The implications of servant leadership and sustainable leadership approaches. Economic and Business Review, 17(3), 1.

Popescu, R. I., Sabie, O. M., & Trușcă, M. I. (2023). The Contribution of Artificial Intelligence to Stimulating the Innovation of Educational Services and University Programs in Public Administration. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 19(70), 85-108.

Qudrat-Ullah, H. (Ed.). (2024). Empowering Educational Leaders Using Analytics, AI, and Systems Thinking. IGI Global.

Ramirez-Montoya, M. S., Morales-Menendez, R., Tworek, M., Escobar, C. A., Tariq, R., & Tenorio-Sepulveda, G. C. (2024). Complex competencies for leader education: Artificial intelligence analysis in student achievement profiling. Cogent Education, 11(1).

Reguig, Y., & Mouffok, A. I. (2023). Comparative Analysis of Current Word Processing Applications That Use Artificial Intelligence Case of Study: The Use of Grammarly and Quillbot Amongst Third Year BA Students at Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret (Doctoral dissertation, Université IBN KHALDOUN-Tiaret).

Renick, T. M. (2020). Predictive analytics, academic advising, early alerts, and student success. Big data on campus: Data analytics and decision making in higher education, 177-197.

Reza, M. H. (2019). Components of transformational leadership behaviour. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(3), 119-124.

Richard, N. (2021). School climate indicators and academic achievement: An investigation of vulnerable subgroups (Doctoral dissertation, The Claremont Graduate University).

Roca, M. D. L., Chan, M. M., Garcia‐Cabot, A., Garcia‐Lopez, E., & Amado‐Salvatierra, H. (2024). The impact of a chatbot working as an assistant in a course for supporting student learning and engagement. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, e22750.

Rosenhead, J., Franco, L. A., Grint, K., & Friedland, B. (2019). Complexity theory and leadership practice: A review, a critique, and some recommendations. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(5).

Samuel-Okon, A. D., & Abejide, O. O. (2024). Bridging the digital divide: Exploring the role of artificial intelligence and automation in enhancing connectivity in developing nations. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 26(6), 165-177.

Sari, H. E., Tumanggor, B., & Efron, D. (2024). Improving Educational Outcomes Through Adaptive Learning Systems using AI. International Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, 3(1), 21-31.

Savignano, M. A. (2017). Educators' Perceptions of the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition Model for Technology Integration. University of Northern Colorado.

Shandilya, S. K., Datta, A., Kartik, Y., & Nagar, A. (2024). Navigating the Regulatory Landscape. In Digital Resilience: Navigating Disruption and Safeguarding Data Privacy (pp. 127-240). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.

Sharma, N. (2023). Data-Driven Education Decision Making: An Extensive Analysis of Present Developments and Prospects for the Future. Journal of Advanced Research in Library and Information Science, 10(4), 9-16.

Strielkowski, W., Grebennikova, V., Lisovskiy, A., Rakhimova, G., & Vasileva, T. (2024). AI‐driven adaptive learning for sustainable educational transformation. Sustainable Development.

Sun, J., Przybylski, R., & Johnson, B. J. (2016). A review of research on teachers’ use of student data: From the perspective of school leadership. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 28, 5-33.

Tawil, S., & Miao, F. (2024). Steering the Digital Transformation of Education: UNESCO’s Human-Centered Approach. Frontiers of Digital Education, 1(1), 51-58.

Theoharis, G. (2024). The school leaders our children deserve: Seven keys to equity, social justice, and school reform. Teachers College Press.

Trecek-Schaffer, C. L. (2019). The Impact of Intervention Software on Student Achievement in Mathematics (Doctoral dissertation, Baker University).

Wang, M. T., & Degol, J. L. (2016). School climate: A review of the construct, measurement, and impact on student outcomes. Educational psychology review, 28(2), 315-352.

Wang, Y. (2021). Artificial intelligence in educational leadership: a symbiotic role of human-artificial intelligence decision-making. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(3), 256-270.

Wanner, T., & Palmer, E. (2015). Personalising learning: Exploring student and teacher perceptions about flexible learning and assessment in a flipped university course. Computers & Education, 88, 354-369.

Wei, R., Feng, X., Rey, S., & Knaap, E. (2022). Reducing racial segregation of public school districts. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 84, 101415.

Winkler, I. (2010). Contemporary leadership theories: Enhancing the understanding of the complexity, subjectivity and dynamic of leadership. Springer Science & Business Media.

Yagi, M., Yamanouchi, K., Fujita, N., Funao, H., & Ebata, S. (2023). Revolutionizing spinal care: Current applications and future directions of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(13).

Published
2025-01-31
How to Cite
PARAMOLE, O. C. (2025). THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION. Jurnal Saintifik (Multi Science Journal), 23(1), 47-72. https://doi.org/10.58222/js.v23i1.389
Section
Articles